Why do ‘bicarb amps’ come in such a weird concentration?

We have a handful of medicines that we administer by the “amp” (sodium bicarbonate, epinephrine, calcium chloride, and dextrose, for example). Clearly this is for simplicity as these are medications we use in emergent situations. That being the case, you may not spend much time thinking about the amount of medicine you are actually giving. Most have nice round numbers: D50 (50% dextrose), 10% calcium chloride, and although we don’t push this medicine by the “amp,” lidocaine comes in 1%, 2%, or 4%. But sodium bicarbonate comes as 8.4%. Weird. Why? Do you know?

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Ultrasound Guided Needle Placement

I spent some time this week with the interns shoring up their technique for using ultrasound in vascular access. Specifically, I’m referring to an out-of-plane approach – which I recommend in most cases as it lets you see the needle in relation to any large arteries or nerves that may be around.

I think if I had one point to reinforce, it would be the fact that this a dynamic process for BOTH HANDS.

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Pneumonia and turning the Titanic

Treatment recommendations for “healthcare-associated pneumonia” (HCAP) were introduced in the 2005 American Thoracic Society / Infectious Disease Society of America (ATA/IDSA) guideline on the management of adults with pneumonia (1). HCAP was defined as pneumonia occurring in any patient who was hospitalized in an acute care hospital for two or more days within 90 days of the infection; resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility; received recent intravenous antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or wound care within the past 30 days of the current infection; or attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic. The concern was that pneumonia obtained from such a setting was more likely to be caused by a drug resistant pathogen, and that this historical feature was an indication for more broad spectrum antibiotics. Over the years, however, it was shown to be overly sensitive, and more recent guidelines from the same societies (2) have eliminated it as category of pneumonia. While progress is good, a side effect of changing guidelines is that once these terms are ingrained, removing them from the medical lexicon can be a monumental task.

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