Treatment recommendations for “healthcare-associated pneumonia” (HCAP) were introduced in the 2005 American Thoracic Society / Infectious Disease Society of America (ATA/IDSA) guideline on the management of adults with pneumonia (1). HCAP was defined as pneumonia occurring in any patient who was hospitalized in an acute care hospital for two or more days within 90 days of the infection; resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility; received recent intravenous antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or wound care within the past 30 days of the current infection; or attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic. The concern was that pneumonia obtained from such a setting was more likely to be caused by a drug resistant pathogen, and that this historical feature was an indication for more broad spectrum antibiotics. Over the years, however, it was shown to be overly sensitive, and more recent guidelines from the same societies (2) have eliminated it as category of pneumonia. While progress is good, a side effect of changing guidelines is that once these terms are ingrained, removing them from the medical lexicon can be a monumental task.
Continue readingWhat are apheresis platelets?
This question came up in a discussion about a mass transfusion protocol. The goal that we strive to meet is an equal ratio of packed red cells, platelets, and plasma. Most in the discussion seemed to have a general awareness that apheresis platelets count as six units in this 1:1:1 scheme. There was confusion as to why. Let’s clear that up.
Continue readingWhat’s an odds ratio and when is it used?
Some research papers report their results as Risk Ratios. Others report Odds Ratios. What’s the difference and why would someone pick one or the other to report? Read on.
Continue readingWhat is a “left shift” anyway?
Hypothetically, let’s say I was signing charts the other day and saw that on a particular patient a resident listed several things as admission diagnoses. One caught my eye.

So, I looked back at the CBC to verify whether or not this patient actually had a left shift, because I suspected there was some confusion happening.
Continue readingECG Brain Buster Hints
Two brave souls took a stab at it. Both accurately found that number 3 was the one with the leads in the correct places. Both had other things correct as well. Neither had all of the answers. To finish it up, I’ll give you some food for thought and see if anyone can put it all together.
Continue readingECG brain buster
Here we see 5 electrocardiograms. All were done on the same person (a brilliant and handsome 41 year old EM physician) at the same time. There are clearly differences among them. One of them is ‘correct.’ To get you started, these are lead reversals.
- Which one is correct?
- Which of the others represents which lead reversals.
New member
Dr. Parsley, good to have you in the club.

How to not screw up your DVT studies
There are some mistakes that learners commonly make as they are getting the hang of lower extremity DVT ultrasound. Here are some that I see them make when imaging the femoral vein:
- Mistaking the greater saphenous vein for the femoral vein
- Having the probe too distally and not seeing the point where the saphenous joins the common femoral vein
- Finding an image of the femoral vein and thinking it is the common femoral vein
- Not recognizing that they did not actually see the deep femoral vein
- Checking boxes in the “Views Obtained” section of their Qpath worksheet of images they did not actually obtain. Sometimes this is clerical; other times this represents a knowledge gap.
Is this a STEMI? – answer
Is this a STEMI?

There is clearly ST elevation in leads V1-V3. Are we activating the cath lab based on this EKG?