Pneumonia and turning the Titanic

Treatment recommendations for “healthcare-associated pneumonia” (HCAP) were introduced in the 2005 American Thoracic Society / Infectious Disease Society of America (ATA/IDSA) guideline on the management of adults with pneumonia (1). HCAP was defined as pneumonia occurring in any patient who was hospitalized in an acute care hospital for two or more days within 90 days of the infection; resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility; received recent intravenous antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or wound care within the past 30 days of the current infection; or attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic. The concern was that pneumonia obtained from such a setting was more likely to be caused by a drug resistant pathogen, and that this historical feature was an indication for more broad spectrum antibiotics. Over the years, however, it was shown to be overly sensitive, and more recent guidelines from the same societies (2) have eliminated it as category of pneumonia. While progress is good, a side effect of changing guidelines is that once these terms are ingrained, removing them from the medical lexicon can be a monumental task.

Continue reading

How to not screw up your DVT studies

There are some mistakes that learners commonly make as they are getting the hang of lower extremity DVT ultrasound. Here are some that I see them make when imaging the femoral vein:

  • Mistaking the greater saphenous vein for the femoral vein
  • Having the probe too distally and not seeing the point where the saphenous joins the common femoral vein
  • Finding an image of the femoral vein and thinking it is the common femoral vein
  • Not recognizing that they did not actually see the deep femoral vein
  • Checking boxes in the “Views Obtained” section of their Qpath worksheet of images they did not actually obtain. Sometimes this is clerical; other times this represents a knowledge gap.
Continue reading